TGFB1 and neoplasm: Inhibition of PAR2 may be a very effective approach involving on the one hand inhibition of PAR2-driven (and TGF-β-independent) invasion in response to activation by serine proteinases including blood coagulation enzymes like TF-FVII-FXa [57] and on the other hand disruption of prometastatic ALK5-dependent signaling in response to the high levels of TGF-β present in the tumor tissue.