CD4 and Miyoshi myopathy: Although a single marker may not be able to detect previous or present asbestos exposure, or the occurrence of MM, the studies detailed in this review indicate it would be possible to combine several markers, such as serum/plasma IL-10 and TGF-β concentrations, cell surface expression level of CXCR3 in CD4+ cells, secreting potential of IFN-γ in CD4- or CD8-positive cells, intracellular expression of perforin in CD8+ cells, and the surface expression of NKp46 in NK cells, as shown in the right panel of Fig. 1.