A similar attempt to discriminate between BPH and PCa using urine proteins found β2M, PGA3, and MUC3, whose levels, in combination with PSA concentration in blood, achieved a better predictive accuracy that PSA alone with a receiving operating characteristic (ROC), area under the curve (AUC) of 0.812 (17). Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.