Within the TME, T lymphocytes must overcome tremendous challenges in order to exert effective antitumor activity, including immune suppressor cells, such as Tregs, myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs); cytokines and soluble factors associated with immunosuppression, such as TGF-β and IL-10; and checkpoint inhibitory proteins, such as PD-L1. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.