Though there are studies showing that the C allele in −509C/T polymorphism could increase the level of TGF-β1 expression in serum and in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines (Hu et al., 2012), our meta-analysis failed to identify a significant association between TGF-β1−509C/T polymorphism and HNC risk in all of the alleles or genotype models. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is nasopharyngeal carcinoma.