Our data emphasize the protective nature of NLRP10 against microbial pathogens, thus adding NLRP10 to the group of NLR family members such as NOD1, NOD2, NLRC4, NLRP3, and NLRP12 that initiate pro-inflammatory signaling to mediate host resistance toward bacterial infections (6, 33–35). This evidence concerns the gene NOD1 and bacterial infectious disease.