Although we were unable to be sure that FoxP3+ cells were CD4+ T cells by IHC staining (due to technical difficulties), we predict these cells to be Tregs based on: (1) morphology; (2) geographic location (i.e., perivascular association); (3) tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment limiting passage of activated T cells; and (4) gene enrichment studies demonstrating enhanced activated CD4+ cells and Tregs upon tumor recurrence. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.