Although many excellent reviews have discussed the cellular immune responses elicited against the different forms of leishmaniasis (35, 37, 38) or the roles of Th17/IL-17 in infectious and non-infectious diseases (39–42), reviews of the participation of IL-17 and Th17 participation in immunopathogenesis and control of the main clinical forms of leishmaniasis remain scarce (36). This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and leishmaniasis.