NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation in response to RNA virus is a fundamental innate immune response as well as an IFN response, which usually contributes to antivirus defense, although aberrant and inappropriate NLRP3 inflammasome response still results in the immunopathology and exaggeration of infectious disease, especially in some persistent virus infections. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is infectious disease.