The AT of WT cells shortened colon length (Figure 6B) and increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression (Figure 6D); however, the AT of IFN-γ-deficient cells did not cause those changes (Figures 6E,G), indicating that IFN-γ producing CS-exposed CD4+ T cells play a substantial role in inducing colitis. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.