However, other studies observed that inhibition of IGF-1R signaling decreased neuroinflammation and neuronal death in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice models: IGF1R-deficient mice were more resistant to amyloid-β oligomer-induced proteotoxicity, showing notably less activated astrocytes and less microgliosis (Cohen et al., 2009; George et al., 2017). Here, IGF1R is linked to Alzheimer disease.