However, a7-nAChR is reportedly a powerful regulator of responses that stimulate cancer cells (Schuller and Orloff, 1998), mediating basal cell proliferation and differentiation pathways in lung and airway remodeling during bronchopulmonary diseases, providing strong evidence of a7-nAChR expression in the development, repair, and carcinogenic progression of lung cancer (Maouche et al., 2009). This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA4 and lung carcinoma.