The very similar fluorescence signals between MB1 and MB2, and CHDC1 and CHDC2 in both LN and LPHN shown in Supplementary Fig. 11 confirmed that the two designed MBs and CHDCs could target GPC1 mRNA or its fragments in cancer cell-secreted EVs, even though the binding sites were different. The gene discussed is LRCH1; the disease is cancer.