SNCA and Parkinson disease: The most impressive change that we could measure was the induction of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that may be elevated in PD cerebral spinal fluid and plasma [9, 10], that changed from ~3 pg mL-1 in concentration in monomer α-synuclein exposures to ~1 ng mL-1 four-hours after α-synuclein fibril exposure (over three-hundred-fold induction).