It has been shown that TGF-β plasma levels increase in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction and in children with congenital obstructive uropathy.[18] TGF-β also modulates the expression of the calcium-handling protein, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase 2a (SERCA2a). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Ureteral obstruction.