Overall, DM patients with HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, FBG ≥ 120 mg/dl, or on insulin treatment, were at 1.87–fold (95% CI 1.19–2.93), 3.30-fold (95% CI 2.12–5.14), or 2.51–fold (95% CI 1.62–3.87) increased risk of TB, respectively (S2 Table). Here, INS is linked to tuberculosis.