After pathogen infection, up-regulated genes included PR1 (pathogenesis-related protein 1), APX (ascorbate peroxidase ), CAT (catalase), and LOX1 (lipoxygenase 1), whereas the down-regulated transcription of NPR1 (natriuretic peptide receptor 1), ACS1 (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1), and H1N1 (hairpin-induced 1) was observed (Figure 3e,f). Here, APEX1 is linked to infection.