Tracking 13C6-glucose metabolism via the Krebs cycle (Fig. 3a), we observed substantial fractional 13C enrichment in the 13C2- and 13C3-isotopologues of citrate, malate, fumarate, and Asp of both PDTX and ex vivo human tumor tissues (Fig. 3), which is consistent, respectively, with the heightened activity of PDH and PCB-initiated Krebs cycle (Fig. 3a) in human NSCLC tumors observed in-patient2. Here, PDP1 is linked to neoplasm.