For example, EVs derived from breast cancer cells were shown to activate tumour-activated macrophages (TAMs), inducing the secretion of IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CCL2 by NK-κB activation and promoting vascularization and angiogenesis [33]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is breast cancer.