TNF and Hypertension: Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) ↓, SBP↓, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ↓ in L-NAME-induced hypertension rat, mPAP ↓, improving RVH and medial wall thickness in HPH (TGF-β1 Smad2/3 signaling), lowering venous hypertension and improving glucose& lipid levels in human-subjected study, insulin sensitivity ↑, improving lipid profiles and hemodynamic parameters, oxidative stress markers ↓, plasma TNF-α ↓, NOX ↓, and eNOS/iNOS expressions ↓ in MS rats, cardioprotective effects in LPS-mediated sepsis (blocking of ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathways).