In accordance with these data, the present study demonstrated an increase in serum level of VCAM-1, which rose from a baseline level of 493.7 ± 44.34 ng/ml to 542.3 ± 49.60 ng/ml post-influenza immunisation, in participants untreated with anti-platelet agents (Group 4; p=0.0022 vs baseline). The gene discussed is VCAM1; the disease is influenza.