MMP9 and glioma: In this study, three glioma cell lines were transiently transfected with corresponding si-RNA or gene expression plasmid for COL17A1, we showed that increased or decreased COL17A1 expression resulted in increased or decreased tumor invasiveness, along with significant increment or reduction of MMP9 expression (Figures 3-4), demonstrating an important role of Collagen XVII in promoting cell invasion through the MMP9-hydrolyzed cell matrix, pointing to an important role of Collagen XVII in GMB malignance and recurrence.