HMGA2 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: In the present study, we show direct reprogramming of NPC patient-derived fibroblasts into iNSCs using only two factors, SOX2 and HMGA2. We previously demonstrated that HMGA2 facilitated the efficient reprogramming of senescent somatic cells or CD34-positive blood cells toward iNSCs through synergistic interactions with SOX2 [39].