Confirming mTOR pathway dysregulation, gene set enrichment utilizing the “oncogenic gene set” collection, in which microarray expression data from cancer genomes have been complied, found the ‘AKT_UP_MTOR_DN.V1_UP’ gene set (p-value = 0.002) as significantly enriched in the trametinib resistant KIAA1549-BRAF clones C1 and C2 (Figure 3D). Here, BRAF is linked to cancer.