This approach allowed the identification of 11 genes harboring a significant functional mutation: six of them (BRAF, NRAS, TP53, PTEN, CDKN2A, and MAP2K1) were already-known melanoma-associated genes; five of them (PPP6C, RAC1, SNX31, TACC1, and STK19) were newly identified (Figure 1) [48]. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and melanoma.