Thus, Kumar et al. have shown that the expression of Oct4 transcription factor into melanoma cell lines promoted dedifferentiation of melanoma cells to CSC-like cells: these dedifferentiated cells displayed a reduced expression of melanocytic markers and acquired the capacity to form tumor spheroids, and in xenotransplantation assays these cells displayed increased tumorigenicity [234]. The gene discussed is POU5F1; the disease is melanoma.