EGR1 and breast carcinoma: We also demonstrated that in ERβ-containing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, tocotrienols, but not α-tocopherol, increase ERβ translocation into the nucleus and the expression of a spectrum of pro-apoptotic estrogen-responsive genes such as the Macrophage-inhibiting Cytokine-1 (MIC-1), the Early Growth Response-1 (EGR-1) and Cathepsin-D and accompanied by typically apoptotic-like alterations of cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, and caspase-3 activation [19].