INSR and cancer: There is a growing body of evidence describing the physiological and therapeutic relevance of the functional similarities between IR and IGF-1R in many diseases including diabetes and cancer.47 While the genetic features and mRNA sequence of both receptors are distinguishable, for instance, the IGF-1R gene located on chromosome 15q26.3 is encoded by 25-exons, while InsR gene is found on chromosome 19p13.3-p13.2 and encoded by 22-exons.