As noted, preclinical data suggest that CSF1 may be a viable therapeutic target, since neutralizing CSF1 in vivo prevented OVX-induced bone loss.26 The availability of neutralizing antibodies to CSF1, which are currently in clinical trials for cancer and bone metastases,42 when coupled with the data presented here, suggest that CSF1 may be a reasonable target for drug discovery in treating menopausal bone loss. The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is cancer.