Indeed, several tumours, such as breast cancer, melanoma and gastric cancer, exhibit increased ZBP89 expression compared with normal tissues, suggesting an oncogene function for ZBP89. 82–84 However, ZBP89 may act as tumour suppressor gene in colorectal cancer by repressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis.85,86 ZBP89 exerts its molecular function via two different mechanisms. Here, ZNF148 is linked to melanoma.