Moreover, high expression of 7 of the high-malignant genes (C7ORF46, DUSP4, HS3ST3B1, ODZ1, TTL, VAV3, ZDHHC23) or low expression of 4 of the low-malignant genes (AKR1C3, ARHGEF10L, SMAD7, ST3GAL6) was associated with a lower progression free survival probability of grade III astrocytoma patients (Figure 4A-4D). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD7 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).