On the basis of the aforementioned findings that the therapeutic effects of TACE therapy were different among hepatocarcinoma patients with different XRCC4 expression in their tumor tissues, we questioned whether the XRCC4 expression was associated with the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells to anti-cancer drugs such as doxorubicin used in TACE procedure [23]. This evidence concerns the gene XRCC4 and cancer.