TGFB1 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Cell line studies in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, endometrial, breast and lung cancer cells showed that treatment with TGF-β1 initiated transcription factor slug, not only resulting in upregulated L1CAM/vimentin and downregulated E-cadherin, but also in enhanced cell invasion [9, 13–16].