Although new molecular agents, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have improved the overall survival (OS) in patients with corresponding genetic alterations [2–3], and immune checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab or pembrolizumab demonstrated a significantly longer OS compared to cytotoxic agent (docetaxel) in previously treated patients with advanced NSCLC [4–5], the prognosis for advanced NSCLC patients remains relatively poor. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.