KDR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Previous studies have shown the association between dysregulation of these two RTKs and chemoresistance: increased PDGFRβ and VEGFR2 protein levels were associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy and adverse outcome of ovarian cancer patients [41]; increased VEGFR2 gene copy was associated with chemo-resistance and shorter survival in non-small cell lung cancer patients who received platinum adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection [42].