Unfortunately, a majority of the alterations found in our cohort (including mutations in KRAS in 31 of 37 tested [84%] and TP53 in 10 of 17 tested [59%]) are not currently actionable, and pancreatic cancer in general is known to have a heterogeneous array of alterations in infrequently mutated genes [14]. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and familial pancreatic carcinoma.