CASP1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In our study, results in Table 4 shows that NLRP3 mRNA and ASC mRNA were increased significantly in T2DM patients and CAS patients compared with T2DM patients (p < 0.05) corroborate these previous findings, excluding the caspase-1 expression levels which possibly due to negative regulation of the NLRP3 pathway [7, 26, 27].