These PA patients also showed signs of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, including increased NF-κB signaling and significant up-regulation of mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-A and IL-6 in the skin (Fig. 2), in keeping with that reported in hyperaldosteronism in other tissues, where high aldosterone levels exert pro-inflammatory effects11. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and hyperaldosteronism.