SIRT1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: In our previous studies [37–39] based on comprehensive transcriptome analysis using human bladder cancer tissues compared with normal bladder tissues, we found that SIRT1 played a vital role in tumorigenesis and further development of human bladder cancer (BCa). SIRT1 is a crucial gene in process of aging [9], energy metabolism, and autophagy [11], but its role in BCA remains largely unknown.