CXCL8 and atherosclerosis: Importantly, the pathways determining the role of macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis signaling, glucocorticoid receptor signaling, HMGB1 signaling, hepatic fibrosis/hepatic stellate cell activation, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines CXCL8, IL-6, and adhesion molecule VCAM-1 were significantly higher during LPS treatment at both 3 and 24 h.