TNFRSF11A and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: As shown in Fig. 1a, dual staining revealed that the fluorescence intensities of KLF5 (red) and TNFRSF11a (green) were distributed differently among various cervical tissues, including normal tissues (The fluorescent intensity: KLF5: 8.08 ± 3.17 and TNFRSF11a: 9.46 ± 2.76, n = 40), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I tissues (KLF5: 12.65 ± 2.46 and TNFRSF11a: 16.96 ± 3.14, n = 23), CIN II-III tissues (KLF5: 24.09 ± 2.53 and TNFRSF11a: 27.05 ± 3.95, n = 45) and CSCC tissues (KLF5: 35.33 ± 3.97 and TNFRSF11a: 32.72 ± 3.85, n = 110) (all P < 0.05, Fig. 1b).