By contrast, frequencies of BCG-specific CD4 T cells expressing any cytokine, co-expressing IFNγ and TNF, or relative proportions of BCG-specific IFNγ+ CD4 T cells that co-expressed TNF, were not associated with the whole blood expression of the signature of risk for TB, and neither were frequencies of total IL-17+ CD4 T cells (S4 Fig). Here, IL17A is linked to tuberculosis.