In the rat model of placental insufficiency induced by bilateral uterine ligation (BUL) at day 19 of gestation, Simmons showed a significant increase in fasting blood glucose and glucose intolerance due to impaired insulin release in response to a glucose challenge in the fasted, male Sprague Dawley IUGR rat offspring at 6 months of age [25]. Here, INS is linked to Glucose intolerance.