The ADAR1 transcriptional regulation by AR also provided a new angle to examine AR functions in HCC in addition to those reported.11, 34 Our studies strongly support ADAR1 as a tumor promoter in HCC, consistent with the report of Chan et al.18 In addition, when the follow-up time extends to 120 months, the grouping mode influenced the results. Here, ADAR is linked to neoplasm.