VEGFA and neoplasm: Thus, the preventive effect of oleuropein on chronic UVB-induced skin regarding carcinogenesis and tumour progression may be due to the inhibition of the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and metalloproteinase 2, 9, and 13 through the reduction of COX-2 level [158], while regarding breast cancer, oleuropein was efficient in minimizing the tumor size, being able to completely remove 9–12 days tumors by disturbing the actin cytoskeleton of tumor cells in vivo [193].