To assess the FAK/Akt pathway further, we examined Akt activity in IPF-fibroblasts and control fibroblasts cultured in 2D and activated by TGF-β1, and found a larger increase in AktpS473 in IPF-fibroblasts after 6 h as shown in Figure 6G, although it did not attain statistical significance. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.