ATR and Epstein-Barr virus infection: Cellular proteins in the family of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-related protein (PIKKs) are involved in mediating the signaling events at sites of DNA damage; these include the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), ATR (ATM and Rad3-related), and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase), which were shown to have close interplay with EBV infection.