Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, however, our findings, along with recent work from others demonstrating PPARG orchestrates an immunosuppressive micro-environment to enhance tumor growth in vivo (Korpal et al., 2017), provide an increasingly compelling rationale for the development of a new class of molecularly targeted drugs with potential relevance to at least a quarter of bladder cancer cases. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and urinary bladder cancer.