52 Exogenously supplied HDGF was found to enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer.47 Inhibition of HDGF using antibodies showed anti-tumor activity.50 The observation that HDGF is over-phosphorylated in NSCLC tissues is in agreement with previous studies, which showed that the S165A mutation in HDGF prevented the secretion of HDGF. Here, HDGF is linked to neoplasm.