52 Exogenously supplied HDGF was found to enhance the invasiveness of breast cancer.47 Inhibition of HDGF using antibodies showed anti-tumor activity.50 The observation that HDGF is over-phosphorylated in NSCLC tissues is in agreement with previous studies, which showed that the S165A mutation in HDGF prevented the secretion of HDGF. This evidence concerns the gene HDGF and non-small cell lung carcinoma.