TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In fact, obesity is associated with a proinflammatory profile of immune cells, specially monocytes/macrophages and type 1 T helper (Th1) cells and an elevation in the adipose tissue expression and plasma concentrations of several inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [3, 4, 6].