Our proteomic study included key proteins involved in energy production, such as subunits α and β of ATP synthase (ATP5A1 and ATP5F1, which are under-represented also in AL-affected tissues, Supplementary Table S3)34, Trifunctional enzyme subunit beta (HADHB), Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) (Fig. 4), and MICOS complex subunit MIC60 (IMMT). This evidence concerns the gene VDAC1 and axial length measurement.